The Limitations Of Activity Based Costing Accounting Essay

The Limitations Of Activity Based Costing Accounting Essay ABC Costing is an advanced costing procedure that is utilized to decide the expense of the item for the administration announcing purposes. ABC Costing System is an instrument that is utilized in dynamic procedure. Be that as it may, it has some specific constraints. ABC Costing System is exorbitant to actualize and keep up in an assembling and serving divisions. Information concerning various movement estimates must be gathered, checked, and went into the framework. Which raise the work prerequisite and should be examined on movement premise? ABC costing frameworks creates the reports that are not quite the same as the benefit and misfortune reports delivered through conventional costing frameworks. As the greater part of the organizations are utilizing customary costing frameworks, so as a result of the distinction in the costing premise the costing and monetary reports of the two organizations of a similar industry couldn't be thought about for execution assessment purposes. Flexibility of ABC Costing System isn't reasonable for all sort of organizations since little organizations have very few assets to adjust it and have such a large number of exercises yet size of exchanges is excessively low. Â Data Produced through ABC Costing System can without much of a stretch confound and can lead towards wrong choices. So supervisor should utilize the information delivered through ABC Costing System with extraordinary consideration and ought to dole out the costs that are applicable to the items, clients and ought not consider the other cost protests that are unimportant. ABC costing framework doesn't agree to the GAAP and an organization needs to create its reports for inner and outer purposes by utilizing customary and ABC costing framework both at once. In ABC costing framework costs are apportioned on the base of cost drivers and exercises attempted to fabricate the item, certainly, it gives the exact and legitimate portion of the expenses to the items yet there is a threat of over or under costing of the items when insignificant cost drivers or exercises are doled out to the items or administrations created. Q2) Please clarify the contrasts among FIFO and Weighted Average Method in the process business. How are units accounted for?â How are costs accounted for?â In times of low swelling what strategy would have any kind of effect? From a TAX perspective, does it have any kind of effect? Contrasts in Weighted Average and FIFO Costing Systems: The primary contrast among FIFO and Weighted Average Costing frameworks is the strategy for figuring of the stock and cost of products sold in process costing framework. Valuation Method: In FIFO costing strategy, costing office accept that the merchandise that are sold before are the products that are brought before, etc. The expense of merchandise sold is determined on the base of the arrangement of products brought and sold. In Weighted Average costing strategy, merchandise are esteemed on the base of all out products ready to move and overlook the grouping of their appearance in stock and deals to the client. Equation of the expense of products ready to move or cost of offer is as per the following: Cost of all out accessible for Sales ($) Per Unit Cost of Goods Sold = All out No. Of Units accessible for Sales Reasonableness: FIFO technique must be utilized where stock can be isolated effectively and the expense of the stock can be resolved like PC, vehicles and different enterprises of a similar sort. Weighted Average Method is the most usually utilized strategy and can be pertinent in all businesses however the associations occupied with those items that couldn't be isolated like oil; Natural Gas and LPG and so on utilize especially weighted normal costing technique. In count of units represented FIFO technique consider the units began and finished in the current time frame just and the starting work in process units and its expense stay isolated and it is viewed as that the initial work in process units are finished first and afterward new units began and finished in a similar timeframe and units costs are determined independently for starting work in process units and units began in current period. While in normal costing technique, proportional creation is determined and dependent on identical creation the expense of unit is resolved and distributed to the creation. Q3) Can you clarify the focal points and hindrances of the Standard Cost framework? Focal points/Benefits of Standard Costing System: Norms are the key factors that are utilized in the executives by special case approach. On the off chance that expenses stay inside the norms, administrators would be fulfilled and would amass at routine exercises however in the event that it over the gauges, at that point it would be a disturbing circumstance for the chiefs and they would attempt to break down the reasons of wastefulness. Measures are the objectives that have been set by the administration to accomplish and they look at the real execution of the workers with the principles. Standard expenses improve the accounting procedure too by charging the standard expense to the activity or item and by making the modifying section of the fluctuation toward the finish of the period. Standard costs fit normally in a coordinated arrangement of obligation bookkeeping. The gauges set up what expenses ought to be, who ought to be liable for them, and what genuine expenses are leveled out. Hindrances/Problems/Limitations of Standard Costing System: Recurrence of revealing the difference is too low that make the prã ©cised and valuable information futile because of its discharge past the point of no return when it got outdated. Work differences comprises for the most part on work amount measures and work effectiveness fluctuations and in the two changes it is expected that the creation is exceptionally work concentrated and the factor of machines execution is disregarded. There are a few situations where a good change can be as terrible as or more awful than a troublesome fluctuation i.e McDonalds has a standard for cheeseburger meat that ought to be in a Big Mac. An ideal fluctuation would imply that less meat was utilized than standard determines. The outcome is an inadequate Big Mac and conceivably an unsatisfied client. In measures costing framework, fulfilling the guidelines of creation and cost proficiency has more significance and different elements like nature of the items and fulfillment of the client have been disregarded. In standard costing approach, the guidelines are viewed as the last goal and improvement process become exceptionally moderate or halted. Q4) Please clarify the following:â NET PRESENT VALUE CONCEPT.If the NET Present Value isâ Then the PROJECT ISPositive .Acceptable since it guarantees an arrival more prominent than the necessary pace of return! Net Present Value Approach: NPV is a strategy utilized in the administration representing the dynamic and secured under the head of capital planning. In NPV approach the current estimation of the net inflow and outpourings are thought about by producing the results of swelling and different elements affecting the estimation of cash. The current estimation of the money surge is balanced against the current estimation of the inflows coming about because of the venture and increasing with the rebate factor to compare it to the current estimation of this future inflow. At that point the outcomes are contrasted and the accompanying table. On the off chance that the net present worth is At that point the venture is Positive Adequate since it guarantees an arrival more prominent than the necessary pace of return Zero Worthy, since it guarantees an arrival equivalent to the necessary pace of return. Negative Not worthy, since it guarantees an arrival not exactly the necessary pace of return Q5) Please clarify an examination of the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return Methods. Which strategy do you like?â What are the qualities of each.â Correlation among NPV and IRR Method: In the greater part of the conditions, Net Present Value Approach and Internal Rate of Return Method give similar outcomes. In any case, a few times these present inverse outcomes. At the point when we think about the two strategies, we consider the system working behind the two methods. In inward pace of return, a pace of profit is determined based for the future overall gain emerging from the venture by utilizing given equation: IRR = Initial Investment Total compensation At that point this necessary pace of return is contrasted and the necessary pace of come back from venture, if IRR of the speculation is more prominent than the necessary pace of return then the undertaking is acknowledged in any case the task is dismissed. This technique is obviously superior to restitution period and other old strategies, since it thinks about the salary of the undertakings to assess the task and furthermore consider the inflows after the culmination of compensation period. In NPV technique the current worth money surge is coordinated with the current estimation of the money inflows emerging from the tasks and on the off chance that the NPV is sure, at that point the undertaking is acknowledged in any case dismissed. NPV Approach is better methodology then IRR on the grounds that IRR totally overlooks the time estimation of the cash and simply consider the net gain emerging from the task while NPV depends on the time estimation of the cash by considering the expansion factors. Q6) Managerial Accounting can work in numerous fields fabricating and in the administration business. Give a few instances of how Managerial Accounting can function in your industry utilizing a portion of the instruments you learned in this course?â If in the Health Field, Could Relevant Costs be of use?â Use of Managerial Accounting: Administrative Accounting has equivalent application in the administration and assembling industry also. There are three significant a viewpoint for which administrative bookkeeping is broadly utilized. Dynamic Items Pricing Execution Evaluation Dynamic: One of the most significant elements of the administration is to settle on the privilege and opportune choices for the turn of events and security of the going concern status of an association. This capacity is required in all sort of ventures whether administrations or assembling. Administrative Accounting apparatuses are utilized to give the premise to correlation and

Definition and determinants of price elasticity

Definition and determinants of value versatility Meaning of value versatility (PES) to flexibly alludes to an estimation of connection between change in amount provided and an adjustment in cost. There is a couple of determinants that influences the result of the PES. One of the determinants is timeframe. Flexibly will be progressively versatile when time given to an organization to change its alteration is more. In short run, the time given to firms and organizations are too short to even consider adjusting or change and adjust. For instance, Sammys burger face a lack of hamburger meat as crude material. It is inelastic if the timeframe is restricted to a couple of hours as it were. The cost of the burger may increment however the there is basic no different strategies to help Sammy. In since quite a while ago run, time given to firms and makers are sufficiently long to change their firm estimate and get ready for firms to enter or leave. Thusly, Sammy would have sufficient opportunity to scan for interchange route for new assets. Another determinant is asset replacement prospects, which implies a few merchandise or item that must be created or made by utilizing uncommon method or restricted assets. These items have an exceptionally low versatility of flexibly or perhaps zero. Anyway merchandise which are generally delivered that could be just found have a moderately high versatility of flexibly. Model, Louis Vuitton totes are for the most part handcrafted from authentic calfskin, consequently there are less items that may substitute it. The PES of Louis Vuitton is substantially more inelastic. Question 2B Cost Organizations can utilize the idea value flexibility to choose their evaluating procedure by deciding if the great to be sold is inelastic, versatile, unitary, superbly inelastic, and impeccably flexible. In the event that the value flexibility is inelastic it shows that the rate change in amount requested is not exactly the rate change in cost. For instance, great An is given a markdown of 10%, however amount requested just expanded marginally by a 3%, subsequently is will be a more intelligent approach to acquire benefit by expanding the cost as opposed to diminishing and just amount requested will just diminish somewhat. Chart 2.1 shows the interest bend of this case. 10% Amount requested D Outline 2.1-Inelastic Demand 4% Moreover, when the interest of a specific decent is flexible it shows a situation which the rate change in amount requested is bigger than the rate change in cost. For instance, great B is an inelastic decent, consequently giving limits or diminishing the cost will draw in more clients, in this way expanding the all out income of the business. Graph 2.2 shows the interest bend of good B diminishing the cost by 10% and gaining 20% greater amount requested. Cost 10% D 20% Amount requested Chart 2.2-Elastic Demand Thirdly, if request of a decent is unitary versatile, which the rate change in amount requested equivalents to the rate change in cost. Any ascent in cost will be actually counterbalanced by a fall in amount, leaving the absolute income unaltered. In Diagram 2.3, it shows that when given a 10% markdown, amount requested will increment by 10%; the absolute income earned is equivalent to before rebate. Accordingly, maker should diminish the cost of item, fabricating less merchandise sparing additional time and labor and diverting it to another profitable item. Cost 10% D Amount requested Graph 2.3-Unitary Elastic 10% At the point when request is flawlessly inelastic, the amount requested won't change as the value change. Buyers won't reaction to any adjustment in cost whatsoever. In graph 2.4, it shows that when value decline by 10%; not a single changes are in sight. Thus if makers increment the cost of the item, amount requested won't be influenced. Cost D 10% Amount requested Graph 2.4-Perfectly Inelastic Value Last yet not least is consummately versatile interest, where just slight rate change in cost will cause an interminable rate change in amount requested. This implies purchasers have an extraordinary reaction to an adjustment in cost. Subsequently, makers ought to remain the cost or follow the market esteem and not just changing the cost on the grounds that a little change can get a boundless change amount requested. D Amount requested Chart 2.5-Perfectly flexible Question 3A Gracefully is the creation of a specific decent or item by providers or future providers for the market a variety of cost at a specific timespan. From the law of flexibly, if the cost of a specific decent increment, so will the amount provided of the great. A flexibly bend is a chart that shows amount of products that makers will gracefully as per the cost. The diagram will consistently slanted upwards to the correct side since amount flexibly is greater at a dearer cost. Chart 3.1 shows how a gracefully bend is. Cost Amount provided Outline 3.1 S0 Cost There are a couple of reasons flexibly of an item will increment. On the off chance that there is an expansion in flexibly, the gracefully bend will move rightwards. Chart 3.2 shows a move in the flexibly bend from S0 to S1. S1 Outline 3.2 Amount provided Right off the bat, an abatement or increment in the expense of causing a cooperative attitude to decide the flexibly. For this situation, cost of crude material or bundling also will influence the cost. Whenever cost of crude material for a specific decent drop, providers will in general produce all the more great and subsequently the flexibly will increment. Model, the expense of flour drops and results to an expansion gracefully of bread. The drop in cost of flour the crude material of bread will let down the expense of creation in this manner providers will have the option to deliver more. Thus, the gracefully increments. Besides, the improvement in innovation will influence the gracefully of a specific decent. Improvement in innovation can diminish the expense of creation and increment efficiency of a specific decent, in this way bringing about an expansion in flexibly of good at each value level. For instance, the advancement in mechanical arms and PCs empowered vehicle makers to create vehicles in a quicker pace yet with a promising item. Henceforth, vehicle makers can cut expense at labor and furthermore exorbitant slip-ups. Flexibly will increment as the innovation keeps on creating. To wrap things up, is the cost of substitute merchandise and serious products that may influence the flexibly of a decent. Creating these products requires comparatively a similar crude material. Consequently, makers will decide to focus on the item which is increasingly productive and a superior interest rate. Model, nukia N99 is progressively well known contrasted with nukia M99, therefore makers will attempt to create more nukia N99 which is more gainful than nukia M99. Thus gracefully of nukia N99 will increment. Question 3B Financial experts are stating that value floor and value roofs can control the conveyance of rare great to those buyers who esteem them most profoundly. Value floor likewise know as least cost is set over the balance cost to produce results. Thusly, products must be sold at any rate cost; henceforth least benefits are earned by providers. Then again, value roof or the most extreme cost is set underneath the balance cost to produce results, bringing down the cost will pull in purchasers. Chart 3.3 shows the value floor and Diagram 3.4 shows the value roof. Cost S e Pe D Piece roof (Max. cost) Chart 3.3 Price Ceiling Amount Demand Cost D S Amount Demand Piece Floor (Min. cost) e Pe Chart 3.4-Price Floor S : Supply bend D : Demand bend Pe : Price Equilibrium e : Equilibrium point Proportioning capacity of cost is the expansion or abatement in cost to free the market from any lack or excess, while the asset designation characterizes as a measure of asset given to a gathering for a particular reason. The value floor and value roof are supposed to be smother the apportioning capacity of costs and mutilate asset portion since they are made by the administration to ensure providers gain benefit. Be that as it may, this may bring about overflow among request and flexibly. For instance, great An is set at a value floor of $20 which is $5 more than the cost at harmony. A few customers are willing and ready to purchase the item at a more significant expense, and makers will proceed with flexibly great A. makers may raise the cost of good A, yet consequently less shopper will get it. This may result an excess in the market. Other than that it likewise results mutilate asset distribution in light of the fact that not all items can be sell out. S: Supply bend D: Demand bend Pe: Price Equilibrium S Cost of good A overflow $20 Pe D Amount request of good A Besides, when a value roof is put onto a decent by the legislature, a lack will occur between the flexibly and the interest of the item which in the end causes smother of proportioning capacity of costs and misshapes the asset portion. For instance, salts have a value roof of $3 per parcel, which is dictated by the administration. As it were, buyers can purchase salt at an a lot less expensive cost. However, providers won't have the option to improve a benefit; subsequently flexibly will be constrained by makers. This outcomes to a lack of salt in the market. Twist asset distribution happens, therefore not all shoppers can purchase salt as a result of the stocks are constrained. Cost of salt (per bundle) S: Supply bend D: Demand bend Pe: Price Equilibrium Amount of sugar (bundle) S Deficiency Pe $3 D Question 5A The meaning of interest can be characterized as amounts of a decent or administration that individuals are prepared and ready to purchase at different costs inside some given timeframe, other factor other than cost held steady, ceteris paribus. Cost of Cintan As a matter of first importance, an adjustment popular will cause the interest bend to move rightwards. Other than the cost of the great itself, there are a couple of different determinants that prompts a move in the bend. A portion of the determinants are cost of substitute or integral great, size of a family unit salary, taste and design, climate condition, and so on the bend will move rightwards if there is an expansion sought after and the other way around. Model, a dro

Appic Psychology Internship Essay

Appic Psychology Internship EssayAppic Psychology Internship Essay 4 samples is the finest collection of applications you will ever find for a Psych Internship. Each application contains detailed information on the student's personal statement, personal goals, his current level of learning, and previous teaching and professional experience. The applications are all 100% original content.If you would like to know what Appic Internship applications you should get, then read through this sample application and make sure you choose the one you think fits your personality and career goals. These applications have been carefully written and are simply too good to pass up. These applications have been developed by an experienced group of administrators and professional writers who are committed to providing exceptional student experiences.Appic offers professional writers who are trained in the field of Psych, who have also successfully completed a Bachelor's degree in Psychology or have at least two years of successful work experience as a Psych in their professional life. This guarantees that you will receive the highest quality writing. Your writing will be examined by all Appic professionals and as a result your application will be considered for approval and can be followed up immediately.There are several types of psych courses that are available to students in the United States today, but none offer a wide variety of students. This is where Appic gets involved. This company has the latest technology in the industry, with many times more applications than any other competitor. These applications will give your application a huge boost in popularity.Appic Psych Internship essays have been created and specially designed by the professionals who have years of experience in the field of psych. The professionals from Appic have found that it is vital to place emphasis on the applicant's personal statement. The application is very interesting because it offers many ex amples that will help you define your goals and passions. This will keep you focused will make it possible for you to complete your application quickly and easily.These essays are most popular with graduate school applicants, as the applicants are not only required to write about themselves, but they are also asked to write about other people who are a part of their lives. These essays are offered to help students understand how they will be able to meet new challenges when they start their career. Students can expect these essays to contain information about their interests, their personal goals, their career objectives, the process of gaining new knowledge, and how they will cope with peer pressure and change.In order to apply for a successful job as a psych major, there are some things that will be required of you. When it comes to the job market, many employers need students who are interested in the fields of mind science, psychology, sociology, political science, and history. With your application for Appic, you will be sure to obtain the right job for you!Appic Psych Internship Essay is a program that enables students to apply for a psychology internship. The types of programs include clinical internships, applied/experimental positions, research positions, or administrative positions. Each of these internships are different and provide your with an education and training that are rarely found anywhere else.

Pre- Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During...

During pregnancy, many women experience hypertensive and diabetic disorders. These disturbances usually cease to exist after delivery; however, they may impose serious complications for mother and or/ fetus. Some evidence suggests that both disorders can be attributed to pre- pregnancy body mass index of the mother, and other evidence suggests that they are precipitated by weight gain that occurs during pregnancy. The authors of ‘Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain during Pregnancy: Relations with Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension, and Birth Outcomes’ theorized in their introduction that â€Å"maternal obesity at conception increases the risk of maternal and or/ fetal complications in pregnancy, and labor and birth† (Heude, et†¦show more content†¦However, â€Å"after excluding mothers with gestational diabetes or hypertension that occurred before birth the correlation for LGA, respectively weakened for obese women and strengthened for wome n that had a high net weight gain† (Heude, et al., 2012). In addition, a â€Å"higher net gestational weight gain was significantly associated with an increased risk of LGA only after accounting for blood pressure and glucose disorders† (Heude, et al., 2012). Analysis of the Article Within the first few paragraphs of the study, the researchers clearly identified the purpose of the study. The purpose of ‘Pre- pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During Pregnancy’ was to study â€Å"the relationship between pre- pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy and birth outcomes, with a focus on gestational diabetes and hypertension and their role in the association with fetal growth† (Heude, et al., 2012). The tenacity for wanting to complete such a study was also clearly given, as the researchers stated several reasons with regards to the importance of their study. In addition, the results of the study were compatible with the original intentions of the study, as they accomplished all that they had set out to prove. The title of Heude et., Al (2012) article is a good one in that it clearly defines the variables that would be measured in their study andShow MoreRelatedWomen Experiencing Gestational Diabetes Are At Higher Risk For Spontaneous Preterm Birth779 Words   |  4 Pagesunderweight or having low pregnancy weight gain: Overly thin women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is ≠¤18.50 kg/m2 or those who fail to gain an adequate amount of weight during pregnancy are at higher risk of having a preterm delivery or a low birth weight infant (Masho, Bishop, Munn, 2013). A recent study found that overly thin women are most at risk for spontaneous preterm birth (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.38-2.09) with premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) when they gain 7 kg (15 lbs) or betweenRead MoreExploring The Negative Effects Of Maternal Obesity1675 Words   |  7 Pagesrisks during pregnancy and labor. In addition, a disconnect in perception and awareness exists such that most obese pregnant women who gain weight during pregnancy underestimate their Body Mass Index (BMI); and also have poor knowledge about the risk associated with obesity. In our time period, there is a significant increase in the average body index in all age groups and most commonly with the women who are entering their reproduction age. According to the article, â€Å"Weight Gain During Pregnancy†Read MoreTaking a Look at Maternal Obesity2007 Words   |  8 PagesThe references used are located in the last part of this essay. The literature search was conducted using the keywords and terms maternal obesity, overweight, pregnancy obesity complications, pregnancy risks for obesity, weight gain in pregnancy and prevalence of maternal obesity in Australia. Articles, researches and journals published within the last five years were chosen to gather the most recent peer-reviewed and evidence-based information. 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Nonetheless, many complex societal and behavioral factors contribute to the sources of obesity. An estimated 25% of Women in the UK are obese, and this is associated with social inequality: the frequency of obesity rises with greater levels of destitution. Almost half of the women population that have attained childbearing age in England are either obese or overweight. Maternity Obesity; Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and higher, at the initial antenatalRead MoreFast Food Has A High Energy Density And Low Nutrient Profile1554 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve convenience. Drive-throughs, delivery, and pre-packaged meals regularly provide consumers with breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options within minutes of ordering. However, fast food has a high energy density and low nutrient profile that has led to a worldwide increase of waistline. Obesity is becoming one of the most prevalent nutritional diseases in developed countries. 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The child obesity epidemic remains a major public concern in the United States and other countries. B. According to the data provided by the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), 24.4% of children aged 2-5 years were at or above the 86 percentile on the Body Mass Index (BMI) -forage growth charts. C. Immigrants have

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Should Gay Marriage Be Legalized - 1705 Words

Megan Miner December 10, 2014 Political Science 1100 Period 4 Tooele B Research Paper Option 1 Gay marriage has and still is a huge controversy in the United States. I will say though that the U.S. has come along way when it comes to same-sex marriage. As of November 20, 2014 gay marriage is now legal in thirty-five of the fifty U.S. states. Massachusetts was the first state to legalize same-sex marriage in May of two thousand and four. As of October ninth two-thousand and fourteen, only sixteen out of one hundred and ninety-four countries allow same sex marriage. By those odds I would say that the U.S. is actually doing pretty well at accepting gay marriage. My question is then why can t Congress change the Federal Marriage Amendment now with out causing a million problems. So I decided to dig further into the history of gay marriage before looking at the proponents and opponents of legalizing gay marriage. It has been said that gay rights and gay right movements are traced back to the Stonewall Riots. The riot occurred at Stonewall Inn in New York City on June 28, 1969 afte r a police raid at a gay bar-and note that at this time it was illegal to even have a homo-sexual relationship at all except in Illinois-. As a result of this riot the number of gay organizations in the country sky rocketed. The numbers went from a small fifty something to thousands all in a span of four to five years. Shortly after that in nineteen seventy-three the gay liberation movementShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legalized938 Words   |  4 Pages Gay marriage is in fact a controversial topic that many people feel strongly about. I believe that gay marriage should be legalized without being penalized by people who disagree with it. I will, within reason, explain to you why gay marriage should be legalized and argue against Karlee’s essay about why gay marriage shouldn’t be legalized. The first thing Karlee talks about in her opposing essay is, â€Å"Children of same-sex couples, biological or not, need both a mother and a father inRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?1313 Words   |  6 PagesCredit – Should gay marriage be legalized? Marriage is considered to be the rite of passage from an religious point of view, it is considered as holy matrimony before the eyes of God. Attraction between individuals of the same sex has been a topic of debate. However, over the past few years gay individuals made a decision to our grievances of oppression despite receiving tremendous critics from the public. Initially, gay marriagesRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?935 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lot of controversy about gay marriage and whether or not it should be legalized in certain states that haven t yet legalized it. My opinion on this topic is that it should not be legalized for various reasons. 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According to an article from the Human Rights Campaign, there is nothing wrong with allowing homosexuals to have the same rights as those who are heterosexual. Every individual person should be granted equal rights, regardless of sexuality. Gay marriage should be legalized in all states and coun tries, it has been held off for too long. MoreoverRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?727 Words   |  3 Pages Everyone, regardless of gender orientation or sexual preference deserves equal rights, such as marriage, feeling comfortable with whom they are, and being treated like any other human being. Right now gay marriage is a hot topic in many states, however, what say should the government get in who you love and want to marry? Beyond a court room, research has been done on the idea of transgenderism and what causes people to be like that or if people are truly born in the wrong bodyRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized? Essay464 Words   |  2 PagesMarriage is defined as the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life. In the definition it says couple, with out indication of gender. In our society gay marriage is a hot topic. Previously legalizing gay marriage was out of the question, but as times has changed and more liberal politicians have gained office to reflect th e views of today’s society. One of the reasons that LGBT people fight for the right to marry because married couples receive more protections and advantages in

Women in Slave Resistance free essay sample

According to Lucille Mathurin Mair in her article entitled â€Å"The Rebel Woman in the British West Indies During Slavery†, coming from West African, enslaved women in the Caribbean developed a gret level of self-respect and confidence. This was due to the fact that many of them held great amount of power and authority in Africa. Being child bearers, women were held in high esteem and were an asset to their tribe. Women also held high positions such as Queen Mother in African societies. Taken from there homes in West Africa, these women lost their status as they were stripped of everything even their name when they arrived on the plantation. Being the natural warriors that they were , enslaved women sought to resist slavery in an effort to regain the status they once had, that is being free and self-respected. This paper will therefore focus on the contribution of enslaved women in the British West Indies to the dismantlement of the system of slavery in the BWI during the 18th and 19th centuries. WOMEN’S RESISTANCE Female slaves on plantations, adopted some of the same methods as men to crush slavery. They employed quiet, subtle and almost negative methods of protest. Some on the other hand used positive or violent methods. These included running away, revolt , pretend to be ill and other methods peculiar to them as females. Women however rarely used active resistance because they had harsher penalties. One of the most popular methods of slave resistance used by enslaved women was what Beckles and Shepherd call ‘natural resistance†. Women as natural rebels used their bodiesd to resist slavery. After the slave trade was abolished in 1807, enslaved women became very important to the planter as they now became the main suppliers of new slaves. Planters offered women incentives such as extra food and clothing allowance to bear and rear children. Women who had six children would no longer do hard work. This was seen in Jamaica where William Ricketts of the Canaan Estate in Westmoreland encourage women to have children by giving them badges of favour such as special coats and fed young children from his own table. Realising that they were so important to the planters for their child bearing ability, women resisted using their bodies. They committed abortions, suicide and infanticide. Some also used pregmancy prevetion methods. In doing this according to John Campbell women deprived the planter of valuable property. One proprietor was forced to concede that. I really believe that the negresses can produce children at pleasure; and where they are barren, it is just as hens will frequently not lay eggs on ship-board, because they do not like their situation. Women also used their menstrual cycle to absent themselves from work. They prolonged the period of breast feeding so they could get extra food, and go to work an hour late and leave an hour earlier as they were to get these by law. She also did this so she could take frequent break while working. Some women also would mutilate their bodies. Beckles and Shepherd noted that a slave women in British Virgin Islands severed her hand with a cutlass in protest of slavery. Many enslaved women in the BWI can be called â€Å"rebel women†. Enslaved women were actively involved whether directly or in directly, in many slave revolts and rebellions that took place in the Caribbean. Record indicate that women were are the forefront in the panning of revolts. This was seen in the Christmas Rebellion of 1831 led by Sam Sharpe wher several women were among the planners. They include Susan (Stacry Plantation), Bina, Eliza Lawrence, Ann Guy and Kitty Scarlet. At the end of the rebellion, of the 344 persons convicted, 75 were women. In Barbados, Nanny Grigg was a chief planner and leader in the 1816 Barbados Rebellion.. Robert a slave in Barbados noted; † Sometime the last year, he heard the negores were all to be freed on New Years Day. That Nanny Grigg, a negro at Simmon’s, who said she could read, was the first person who told the negroes at Simmon’s so; and she said she had read it in the Newspapers, and that her Master was very uneasy at it; that she was always talking about it to the negroes, and told them that they were all damned fools to work, for that she would not, as freedom they were sure to get. That about a fortnight after New Year’s Day, she said the negroes were to be freed on Easter Monday, and the only way to get it was to fight for it, otherwise they would not get it; and the way they were to do, was to set fire, as that was the way they did in St. Domingo. † In revolts, women also played non-military, supportive roles. They suppplied water; acted as guides to provision grounds, helped to guard captives, poisoned and acted as look-outs. Thus, they were key persons in revolts. BWI enslaved women also practiced economic resistance. Women cultivated a variety of crops on their provision grounds which they sold to plantations, urban stores and local markets. Despite laws put in place by planters to stop women from selling certain items and huckstering, they still continued their tried. Enslaved women in Antigua according to Beckles and Shepherd rioted when planters tried to ban huckstering. Women also slowed economic resistance by putting more effort into working on their provision ground than on estates. Running away from plantation was another strategy used my women to resist slavery. Women ware always found among slaves who were †pulling foot†. Females often ran away from estates with their children to seek freedom. Chief among women who ran away were these who were new on the plantation as they wanted to be free. Women also ran away to be with their husband who worked on neighbouring or far estates. Women as young as six years old ran way from the plantation. Historians note that in some Maroon village there were more women than men. (See Appendix 2 to see the number of women who ran ways in Barbados). Lucille Mair stated that sally, a six year old girl ran away from the Passage Fort estate in 1780. To establish their freedom in these Maroon villages, women became involved in guerilla warfare. Nanny, leader of the Nanny Town Maroons was one woman who was skillful at guerilla warfare (See Appendix 1 for a photo of Nanny of the Maroons). She was known to use for spiritual power to defeat the British. Other women participated in armed revolts against the British. Records show that guerilla women were often taken as prisoners or killed. In Jamaica, the government offered ? 10 for every rebel women captured. Guerilla women also assisted in revolts by helping to carry off spoils, set fire to villages, worked provision grounds and provided soldiers with food. Hence they were active in the success of maroon villages. Women also killed, burned and plundered estates. Woment did not hesitate to kill whites on the plantations. They often poisoned their masters food and drink, or kelled them in revolts. Many women plundered the estates by stealing from plantations to provide runaways with food and weapons. Women who were hucksters also stole the goods they sold from the plantations. Some committed arson by burning cane fields and housed. Betty Phillips, a domestic slave on Griffiths’s estate in Barbados, ran way after setting fire to her master’s bed and curtains to burn down his house. During the period of slavery Africans were forbidden to continue the practicing their culture. Enslaved women in various ways did not obey this law. Through religion, storytelling and dances and other ways, they upheld their tradition. They practiced religions such as Voodoo, Myal and Kumina. They told African tales to their children, combed their hair in African styles, prepared African dishes and sang ant waked, funeral and in the fields. Thus, they did not seek to submit to the planters’ views that their culture was inferior. Finally, the tongue was a useful and effective weapon for many women in their resistance as they were not afraid to let their voices be heard. The quarrelsome nature of women made many planters regard them as viragos. Women were often taken to court for their rude behaviour and use of indecent language. In Port Royal, Jamaica, of the 3111 cases, 150 involved women being charge for using violent, abusive, indecent and threatening language. Women also made use of satirical sonds which they used to mock white men who they had affairs with, missionaries who they said were hypocrites for going after girls and white woman. One of the songs they sang was, â€Å"Hi! De Buckra, hi† Massa W-f-e da come ober de sea Wid him rougish heart and him tender look, And while he plaver and preach him book At the gro girl he’ll winkie him yeye â€Å"Hi! De Buckra, hi! † Women sang these songs when working in the fields to make their work lighter. They also sang protest somgs. Those who worked in the gret house would carrying information to the other slaves that they overheard the planters discussing. They would also make appeals in the courts. They would complain to magistrates about receiving bad treatment from masters. Therefore, their tong was a powerful instrument of attack and defence. CONCLUSION In concluding, based on the information presented above, one can see that women played an equally significant role as men to the anti-slavery movement in the British West Indies. In some cases they showed more resistance than men especially as they were the victims of physical and sexual abuse. Therefore, historians should see to higtlight their efforts more as if it wans’t for these efforts slavery would have lasted for a longer time.